Signs of political action in Algeria at the beginning of the twentieth century Defending identity, citizenship and homeland

Abstract

After decades of military resistance in all parts of Algeria, the reality imposed on the Algerians to search for options to continue the battle, and in order to avoid the state of vanishing and annihilation in front of the colonial phenomenon that was at its peak, here the Algerians were forced to search for new areas of expression, to maintain the minimum level of permanence of an identity The group, including education, the exploitation of the weapons of protests, the course of institutional and cultural activity, and all of this was within very narrow limits, in light of a colonial reality that tightened control over all areas, but this did not last long, as the Muslim elites quickly benefited from the margins of pressure and maneuver, especially With the emergence of international tension, and fear of the influence of the German-Ottoman propaganda on the situation in Algeria, and France's need to recruit Algerians for the First World War, Here, the opportunities for the Muslim elites in Algeria increased to penetrate the public sphere monopolized by the Europeans, and to gain necessary expertise in this to defend identity, citizenship and the homeland, through individual efforts or within small groups.