" تحولات معنى مفهوم التسامح" من فلاسفة الأنوار إلى ميثاق الأمم المتحدة

Abstract

Changes in the meaning of the concept of tolerance" of philosophers of light to the Charter of the United Nations The birth date of tolerance in its European homeland dates back almost three centuries, but it was finally finalized at the end of the 17th century by the Enlightenment philosophers such as John Locke, Voltaire, Pierre Bale, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and others. Western countries as a result of the urgent need for the stability and security of societies, submerged in civil wars, where Europe has lived for many years, in a bloody sectarian sectarian conflict that burned green and land. This fierce war ended with the birth of the principle of tolerance that solved the dilemma of religious and sectarian fanaticism that plunged Europe into the quagmire of underdevelopment, ignorance and the annexation of Europe's torn societies, covering up its wounds, stopping its chronic bleeding, giving great progress to civil societies, freeing terror and fear and establishing more humane laws Which was included in the Charter of the United Nations later, And all this, thanks to the efforts of the philosophy of lights, in which the subject of our research is limited, and we have identified the problem of our research in general on tolerance as a moving concept in the sense that the intention of the term tolerance changes and that Europeans have taken advantage of the principle of tolerance to serve their interests, what are the transformations that the sense of tolerance has experienced over time? How was it exploited by Europeans? What is its concept among philosophers of light in particular? What transformations did he know its meaning? What is the meaning of the concept of tolerance today? In our research, we concluded with a set of results in which we try to answer the problem at hand: the concept of tolerance was religious-born and carried the meaning of acceptance of the other is different in the doctrine, but with John Locke tolerance has become the coexistence in peace and the right to live in peace as linked With civil rights, Pierre Pyle was associated with the concept of public opinion, the right to pluralism, divergence of opinion and freedom of belief, and Voltaire was associated with the coexistence of religions and freedom of belief. All of them were preoccupied with the question of tolerance at the time, as are many of the pens today, both Arab and Western. Tolerance took its political form in the Charter of the United Nations where tolerance was linked to democracy and became one of the principles of human rights. key words: Tolerance, pluralism, diversity, coexistence, civil rights, human rights, freedom of religion, democracy, the Charter of the United Nations, tolerance is one of the principles of human rights "