الدولة الإسلامية الأولى: دراسة في الجانب السياسي

Abstract

The article deals with the theme of the first Islamic State, from its founding until the last days of the rightly- guided Califis marked by the Murder of Ali Bin Abi Taleb, and the begining of the Umayyade age. It starts with the State building process and its principle pillars, shifting to the way the political power was achieved, through the wellknown Baétha (allegiance) practice on one side, and the method of exercising it on the other side. In reality, these previous facts show the ideal nature of the govrernor- governed relationship, whichis a result of the rules running that governing system especially justice and consultation ( Shura), making power in Islam a responsibilty rather than a prestige. The main aim of the study is to reveal the ways the society comprising the people and their rulers leave the state of the fragile and the weak to the state of the pwerful, and from instability to stability, by available means, based on arguments from the society of the Prophet Mohamed, peace be upon him, as He designed the milestones of the first Islamic State, followed by the rightly- guided Caliphs, who were able to establish a governing system built on justice and consultation, and to move from a State to an Empire in few decades, only through guaranteeing rights for all, without social disparities.